Frost dates for 01301Greenfield, MA
The average last spring frost in Greenfield is May 1 and the average first fall frost is October 11, giving a typical growing season of about 162 days. Dates are based on NOAA 1991-2020 climate normals.
- Average last spring frost
- May 1
- Average first fall frost
- Oct 11
- Growing season
- 162 days
Safer after May 15 (1-in-10 risk)
Possible by Sep 29 (1-in-10 risk)
Last frost typically in 181 days
Frost risk by date
NOAA reports frost dates as probabilities. The middle date is the average (a 50% chance). For spring, the 10% date is a safer planting date: frost after it happens in about 1 year in 10. Light frost (36°F) can damage tender plants; a hard freeze (28°F) kills most annuals.
| Temperature | Last spring: 90% / 50% / 10% chance | First fall: 10% / 50% / 90% chance | Growing season (50%) | Years with at least one |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light frost (36°F) | Apr 30 · May 13 · May 28 | Sep 19 · Oct 1 · Oct 14 | 142 days | 100% |
| Frost / freeze (32°F) | Apr 19 · May 1 · May 15 | Sep 29 · Oct 11 · Oct 28 | 162 days | 100% |
| Hard freeze (28°F) | Apr 6 · Apr 18 · May 4 | Oct 8 · Oct 25 · Nov 7 | 189 days | 100% |
Planting calendar for Greenfield
Planting windows from the University of Maryland Extension calendar, shifted to your average frost dates. Use them as a starting point and adjust for seed packet instructions and local conditions.
| Crop | Task | Window |
|---|---|---|
| Tomatoes | Start seeds indoors | Mar 31 – Jun 6 |
| Tomatoes | Transplant outdoors | May 17 – Jun 21 |
| Peppers | Start seeds indoors | Mar 31 – May 1 |
| Peppers | Transplant outdoors | May 31 – Jul 1 |
| Eggplant | Start seeds indoors | Apr 17 – May 16 |
| Eggplant | Transplant outdoors | May 31 – Jul 1 |
| Cucumbers | Sow outdoors | May 31 – Jul 1 |
| Summer squash | Sow outdoors | May 17 – Jul 1 |
| Winter squash & pumpkins | Sow outdoors | May 31 – Jul 1 |
| Snap beans | Sow outdoors | May 17 – Jul 24 |
| Sweet corn | Sow outdoors | May 17 – Jun 21 |
| Watermelon & cantaloupe | Sow outdoors | May 31 – Jul 1 |
| Okra | Sow outdoors | May 24 – Jun 16 |
| Peas | Sow outdoors (spring) | Mar 31 – May 16 |
| Potatoes | Plant outdoors (spring) | Mar 31 – May 31 |
| Onions | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Feb 17 – Mar 16 |
| Onions | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Apr 17 – May 16 |
| Broccoli | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Mar 13 – Apr 16 |
| Broccoli | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Apr 17 – May 16 |
| Broccoli | Start seeds indoors (fall) | Jun 11 – Jun 21 |
| Broccoli | Transplant outdoors (fall) | Jul 11 – Jul 22 |
| Cabbage | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Mar 3 – Mar 31 |
| Cabbage | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Mar 31 – May 1 |
| Cabbage | Start seeds indoors (fall) | Jun 1 – Jul 1 |
| Cabbage | Transplant outdoors (fall) | Jul 1 – Aug 1 |
| Leaf lettuce | Sow outdoors (spring) | Mar 31 – Jun 16 |
| Leaf lettuce | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jul 1 – Aug 17 |
| Spinach | Sow outdoors (spring) | Mar 24 – May 7 |
| Spinach | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jul 18 – Aug 22 |
| Radishes | Sow outdoors (spring) | Mar 31 – May 21 |
| Radishes | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jul 1 – Sep 1 |
| Kale | Sow outdoors (spring) | Apr 17 – May 7 |
| Kale | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jun 24 – Aug 1 |
| Carrots | Sow outdoors (spring) | May 1 – Jun 16 |
| Carrots | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jun 1 – Jul 17 |
| Garlic | Plant outdoors (fall) | Oct 1 – Nov 1 |
Where these dates come from
ZIP code 01301 is matched to the NOAA station Greenfield #3, MA, 3.9 km away, at 130 ft elevation (57 ft lower than the ZIP code's center). Nearby stations for comparison:
| Station | Elevation | Avg last frost | Avg first frost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Greenfield #3, MA (used) | 130 ft | May 1 | Oct 11 |
| Leverett #2, MA | 315 ft | May 2 | Oct 9 |
| E Hawley, MA | 1,647 ft | May 17 | Oct 1 |
| Amherst, MA | 145 ft | May 5 | Oct 8 |
Frost dates near Greenfield
- Turners Falls, MA 01376 · last May 1, first Oct 11
- Deerfield, MA 01342 · last May 5, first Oct 8
- Greenfield, MA 01302 · last May 5, first Oct 8
- Shelburne Falls, MA 01370 · last May 1, first Oct 11
- Montague, MA 01351 · last May 5, first Oct 8
- Lake Pleasant, MA 01347 · last May 5, first Oct 8
- Millers Falls, MA 01349 · last May 4, first Oct 8
- Gill, MA 01354 · last May 1, first Oct 11
Frequently asked questions
- When is the last frost in Greenfield, MA?
- For ZIP code 01301, the average last spring frost (32°F) is May 1, based on NOAA 1991-2020 climate normals for the Greenfield #3, MA weather station. There is a 1-in-10 chance of a frost after May 15.
- When is the first frost in Greenfield, MA?
- The average first fall frost (32°F) is October 11. There is a 1-in-10 chance of frost by September 29, so tender plants are at risk from that point on.
- How long is the growing season in 01301?
- In half of years, the frost-free season (between the last and first 32°F frost) is at least 162 days long.
- Are these frost dates a forecast?
- No. They are 30-year averages and probabilities from NOAA weather station records. Use them to plan, then watch your local forecast before planting tender crops or leaving them uncovered.