Frost dates for 78144Panna Maria, TX
The average last spring frost in Panna Maria is February 16 and the average first fall frost is December 9, giving a typical growing season of about 300 days. Dates are based on NOAA 1991-2020 climate normals.
- Average last spring frost
- Feb 16
- Average first fall frost
- Dec 9
- Growing season
- 300 days
Safer after Mar 13 (1-in-10 risk)
Possible by Nov 20 (1-in-10 risk)
First frost typically in 44 days
Frost risk by date
NOAA reports frost dates as probabilities. The middle date is the average (a 50% chance). For spring, the 10% date is a safer planting date: frost after it happens in about 1 year in 10. Light frost (36°F) can damage tender plants; a hard freeze (28°F) kills most annuals.
| Temperature | Last spring: 90% / 50% / 10% chance | First fall: 10% / 50% / 90% chance | Growing season (50%) | Years with at least one |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light frost (36°F) | Feb 6 · Mar 4 · Mar 28 | Nov 7 · Nov 27 · Dec 16 | 267 days | 100% |
| Frost / freeze (32°F) | Jan 13 · Feb 16 · Mar 13 | Nov 20 · Dec 9 · Jan 10 | 300 days | 97% |
| Hard freeze (28°F) | Dec 19 · Jan 28 · Mar 2 | Dec 1 · Dec 27 · Feb 3 | 337 days | 78% |
Planting calendar for Panna Maria
Planting windows from the University of Maryland Extension calendar, shifted to your average frost dates. Use them as a starting point and adjust for seed packet instructions and local conditions.
| Crop | Task | Window |
|---|---|---|
| Tomatoes | Start seeds indoors | Jan 16 – Mar 24 |
| Tomatoes | Transplant outdoors | Mar 4 – Aug 19 |
| Peppers | Start seeds indoors | Jan 16 – Feb 16 |
| Peppers | Transplant outdoors | Mar 18 – Apr 18 |
| Eggplant | Start seeds indoors | Feb 2 – Mar 3 |
| Eggplant | Transplant outdoors | Mar 18 – Apr 18 |
| Cucumbers | Sow outdoors | Mar 18 – Aug 29 |
| Summer squash | Sow outdoors | Mar 4 – Apr 18 |
| Winter squash & pumpkins | Sow outdoors | Mar 18 – Apr 18 |
| Snap beans | Sow outdoors | Mar 4 – Sep 21 |
| Sweet corn | Sow outdoors | Mar 4 – Aug 19 |
| Watermelon & cantaloupe | Sow outdoors | Mar 18 – Apr 18 |
| Okra | Sow outdoors | Mar 11 – Apr 3 |
| Peas | Sow outdoors (spring) | Jan 16 – Mar 3 |
| Potatoes | Plant outdoors (spring) | Jan 16 – Mar 18 |
| Onions | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Dec 5 – Jan 1 |
| Onions | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Feb 2 – Mar 3 |
| Broccoli | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Dec 29 – Feb 1 |
| Broccoli | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Feb 2 – Mar 3 |
| Broccoli | Start seeds indoors (fall) | Aug 9 – Aug 19 |
| Broccoli | Transplant outdoors (fall) | Sep 8 – Sep 19 |
| Cabbage | Start seeds indoors (spring) | Dec 19 – Jan 16 |
| Cabbage | Transplant outdoors (spring) | Jan 16 – Feb 16 |
| Cabbage | Start seeds indoors (fall) | Jul 30 – Aug 29 |
| Cabbage | Transplant outdoors (fall) | Aug 29 – Sep 29 |
| Leaf lettuce | Sow outdoors (spring) | Jan 16 – Apr 3 |
| Leaf lettuce | Sow outdoors (fall) | Aug 29 – Oct 15 |
| Spinach | Sow outdoors (spring) | Jan 9 – Feb 22 |
| Spinach | Sow outdoors (fall) | Sep 15 – Oct 20 |
| Radishes | Sow outdoors (spring) | Jan 16 – Mar 8 |
| Radishes | Sow outdoors (fall) | Aug 29 – Oct 30 |
| Kale | Sow outdoors (spring) | Feb 2 – Feb 22 |
| Kale | Sow outdoors (fall) | Aug 22 – Sep 29 |
| Carrots | Sow outdoors (spring) | Feb 16 – Apr 3 |
| Carrots | Sow outdoors (fall) | Jul 30 – Sep 14 |
| Garlic | Plant outdoors (fall) | Nov 29 – Dec 30 |
Where these dates come from
ZIP code 78144 is matched to the NOAA station Karnes City 2N, TX, 5.9 km away, at 450 ft elevation (138 ft higher than the ZIP code's center). Nearby stations for comparison:
| Station | Elevation | Avg last frost | Avg first frost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Karnes City 2N, TX (used) | 450 ft | Feb 16 | Dec 9 |
| Floresville, TX | 400 ft | Mar 6 | Nov 20 |
| Nixon, TX | 340 ft | Mar 7 | Nov 22 |
| Cuero, TX | 214 ft | Mar 2 | Nov 27 |
Frost dates near Panna Maria
- Hobson, TX 78117 · last Feb 16, first Dec 9
- Karnes City, TX 78118 · last Feb 16, first Dec 9
- Falls City, TX 78113 · last Mar 6, first Nov 20
- Gillett, TX 78116 · last Mar 7, first Nov 22
- Ecleto, TX 78111 · last Mar 7, first Nov 22
- Kenedy, TX 78119 · last Feb 16, first Dec 9
- Runge, TX 78151 · last Feb 16, first Dec 9
- Poth, TX 78147 · last Mar 6, first Nov 20
Frequently asked questions
- When is the last frost in Panna Maria, TX?
- For ZIP code 78144, the average last spring frost (32°F) is February 16, based on NOAA 1991-2020 climate normals for the Karnes City 2N, TX weather station. There is a 1-in-10 chance of a frost after March 13.
- When is the first frost in Panna Maria, TX?
- The average first fall frost (32°F) is December 9. There is a 1-in-10 chance of frost by November 20, so tender plants are at risk from that point on.
- How long is the growing season in 78144?
- In half of years, the frost-free season (between the last and first 32°F frost) is at least 300 days long.
- Are these frost dates a forecast?
- No. They are 30-year averages and probabilities from NOAA weather station records. Use them to plan, then watch your local forecast before planting tender crops or leaving them uncovered.